Summary
Most famous appellation of Southern Rhône, yet variable in terms of wine quality. Rose to fame when the pope took up summer residence in the area during the 14th century. This area was the first AOC developed in France, with rules and delimitations to help offset fraud in 1932. The terrain is generally defined by its large pebbled galets, which retain heat and help ensure ripeness of fruit. This is of less importance now with the climate warming. 18 grapes are authorised, with low maximum yields of 35hL/ha. Wines must have a minimum of 12.5% alcohol without chaptalization. The vast majority of production is blended red wines (90% of total production), which is mainly full bodied, rich and spicy. A small amount of blended white wine, sometimes fermented and aged in oak is also produced here. It should be noted that Marsanne and Viognier are not allowed within these blends, as are any rosé styles.